IN THIS STUDY, IN ORDER TO REACH A NEW SUITABLE ELECTROLYTE FOR BETTER METHANOL ELECTRO-OXIDATION IN ACIDIC MEDIA, SOLUTION CONTAINING SYNTHETIC MODIFIER (SM) WAS USED. THESE SMS HAVE HIGH THERMAL STABILITY AND EXCELLENT IONIC CONDUCTIVITY WHICH HAS CONDUCTIVITY ABOUT 0.1 S/CM. THE METHANOL OXIDATION WAS MONITORED ON MODIFIED GC ELECTRODE WITH 10-20 %WT PT-RU/C WHICH HAS PT AND RU LOADING OF 0.051 MG/CM2 AND 0.102 MG/CM2, RESPECTIVELY. SMS IMPROVE THE METHANOL OXIDATION REACTION KINETIC BY INCREASING THE SOLUTION IONIC CONDUCTIVITY AND ALSO DECREASE THE RCT OF REACTION. THEREFORE, SM ADDED ELECTROLYTE CAN BE THE NEW PROMISING ELECTROLYTE FOR DMFCS APPLICATION.

A STABLE AQUEOUS GRAPHENE-POLYANILINE (GR-PANI) DISPERSION WAS PREPARED VIA OXIDATIVE POLYMERIZATION OF ANILINE IN GRAPHENE DISPERSION. IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE VERTICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF GRAPHENE SHEETS PANI NANOFIBERS WERE UTILIZED ON GRAPHENE SHEETS. GR-PANI AQUEOUS DISPERSION WAS SPIN COATED ON FLEXIBLE POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) SUBSTRATE. THE PREPARED ELECTRODES WERE EMPLOYED AS THE FLEXIBLE ANODE ELECTRODE OF POLYMER SOLAR CELLS (PSCS). FOLLOWING ELECTRODES SHOWED MORE DESIRABLE PERFORMANCE THAN GRAPHENE ELECTRODES (SHEET RESISTANCE OF 84KΩ/□ AND 47% TRANSMITTANCE AT 550NM WAVELENGTH). I-V CHARACTERISTICS OF PREPARED PSCS WERE COMPARED TO SIMILAR INDIUM TIN OXIDE (ITO) PSC AS A REFERENCE SOLAR CELL.

IN RECENT YEARS, UTILIZATION OF IONIC LIQUIDS (ILS) AS ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES IS CONSIDERED AS A NEW TOPIC IN STUDIES OF FUEL CELLS AND BATTERIES. ILS ARE MOLTEN SALTS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE WHICH HAVE CONSIDERABLE POTENTIAL AS HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYTE MODIFIERS DUE TO THEIR UNIQUE PROPERTIES SUCH AS NON-VOLATILITY, HIGH IONIC CONDUCTIVITY, NON-FLAMMABILITY AND HIGH THERMAL STABILITY. IN THIS WORK, EFFECT OF ILS STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DMFCS ANODE HAS BEEN STUDIED BY DIFFERENT ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS SUCH AS CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (CV) AND ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (EIS). THE RESULTS SHOW THAT WITH INCREASING OF ALKYL CHAIN OF IL CATION, THE ELECTRO ACTIVITY OF CATALYST DECREASE IN METHANOL OXIDATION REACTION RELATED TO THE STRICE HINDRANCE OF IL CATION. A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION IS THAT WITH INCREASING THE NUMBER OF ALKYL CHAIN, BULK RESISTANCE INCREASED AND PROTON TRANSFER TO THE CATALYST SURFACE DECREASES AS WELL. FINALLY BY ANALYZING TEST RESULTS IT COULD BE CONCLUDED AT LOW TEMPERATURE ILS DOES NOT HAVE ANY PROMISING EFFECT ON THE CATALYST ACTIVITY AND THE ROLE OF ILS BECAME IMPORTANT AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES.

IN THIS WORK, PREPARED NICKEL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE-MODIFIED GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE (NIONPS@ GCE) WAS SUCCESSFULLY EMPLOYED FOR ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF FORMALDEHYDE (HCHO) IN ALKALINE MEDIA. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM), CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (CV), ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (EIS) AND CHRONOAMPEROMETRY WAS EMPLOYED.

SILVER NANOPARTICLES WERE DEPOSITED ON THE SURFACE OF ZEOLITE MODIFIED CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE (N-AG/ZMCPE) BY THE ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD. THE ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE PREPARED MODIFIED ELECTRODE TOWARDS THE HYDRAZINE OXIDATION IN ALKALINE SOLUTIONS WAS EVALUATED USING CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (CV) AND CHRONOAMPEROMETRY (CHA) METHODES. THE CV EXPERIMENT IN THE RANGE OF -0.4 V TO 0.1V VS. SCE SHOW THAT THE N-AG/ZMCPE IS ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE TOWARDS THE HYDRAZINE OXIDATION. THE LOW ONSET POTENTIAL FOR THE HYDRAZINE OXIDATION MOREOVER A SHARP INCREMENT IN THE CURRENT OF HYDRAZINE OXIDATION WITH THE INCREASE OF THE HYDRAZINE CONCENTRATION WERE OBSERVED. CHA RESULTS SHOW STABLE STEADY-STATE CURRENT (ISS) FOR THE HYDRAZINE OXIDATION. A LINEAR DEPENDENCE OF THE ISS UPON THE HYDRAZINE CONCENTRATION WAS FOUND IN THE RANGE OF 1-110 MM HYDRAZINE. RESULTS IMPLY THAT THE N-AG/ZMCPE PRESENTS STABLE AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGH ELECTROACTIVITY FOR THE HYDRAZINE OXIDATION.

INTRODUCTION LIQUID ALCOHOLS HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ENERGY DENSITIES THAN HYDROGEN, AND THEY ARE EASIER TO HANDLE.ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL (EG) HAS RECEIVED INCREASED INTEREST DUE TO ITS LOW TOXICITY, HIGH BOILING POINT (471 K), HIGH ENERGY DENSITY (7.56 KWH DM-3) AND RELATIVELY HIGH REACTIVITY [1]...